Scoliosis is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal curvature of the spine. Instead of the spine being straight when viewed from the front or back, it may form an “S” or “C” shape. This curvature can occur at any point along the spine but is most commonly found in the thoracic (upper back) or lumbar (lower back) regions. Here’s a more detailed description:

1. Types of Scoliosis:

   • Idiopathic Scoliosis: This is the most common type and typically develops during adolescence. The cause is unknown (idiopathic), and it can progress during growth spurts.
   • Congenital Scoliosis: Present at birth, congenital scoliosis results from abnormal development of the spine in the womb.
   • Neuromuscular Scoliosis: Caused by conditions such as cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy, where the muscles supporting the spine are weak.

2. Symptoms:

   • Visible Curvature: The primary sign of scoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine, which may be visible when the person is standing.
   • Uneven Shoulders or Hips: One shoulder or hip may appear higher than the other.